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Salt of Sylvius (Febrifugal Salt of Sylvius)
Potassium chloride (KCl).
Salt of Tachenius
Impure potassium and sodium carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3) obtained from the incomplete
combustion of plant products. These salts contained organic impurities.
Salt of Tartar
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3).
Salt of Urine
Impure ammonium salts extracted from urine.
Salt of Vinegar
Impure potassium sulfate. Probably mixed with acetates and citrates.
Salt of Wisdom
See Salt Alembroth.
Salt of Wormwood
Mostly potassium carbonate (K2CO3).
Sal Vitrioli
Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4).
Sal Volatile Fixatum
Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4).
Sal Volatile Oleosi
Any solid extracted from animals or vegetable matter containing ammonium salts, e.g., salts of
hartshorn, etc.
Sandarach
(1) See Realgar; (2) a resin from the tree Callitris quadrivalvis.
Sadniver (Glass Ga ll)
A solution containing a mixture of salts found on the surface of glass after vitrification.
Saphire
See Sapphire.
Sapid
To have a decided, yet pleasant taste.
Saponaceous
To be soapy, slippery, sometimes foaming.
Sapphire
A clear blue gem material which is like ruby, a crystalline form of alumina. ( Al2O3
Sarcocolla
A gum resin imported form the Middle East.
Sarsparilla
The roots of plants of the family smilaceae from which gummy and resious extracts are obtained.
Sassafras
A term applied both to the reee Sassafras officinale and to its bark when dried and prepared.
Saturation
The action by which a "perfect" union between an acid and an alkali is accomplished. Its product
is a neutral salt.
Saturn (of Saturn)
Used in referring to lead or to compounds containing lead.
Saunders
See Red Saunders.
Scammony
A gummy, resinous juice from the root of the plant Convolvulvus scammonia.
Scheele's Green
Cupric hydrogen arsenite (CuHAsO3).
Schorl
A black mineral. Now known as a variety of tourmaline.
Schwartz Blei Weiss (Black White-Lead)
Plumago (graphite) (CN).
Scordium
The plant Teucrium scordium from which gummy and resious extracts are obtained. It has an odor
of garlic.
Scoria
The undesirable solid residues or slag which remain after a metal has been separated from an ore.
Scorification
Any process which produces scoria or slag. Sometimes used for processes which ield metal or
semimetals. Scorifiation usually involved the addition of other substances to the ore, then heating.
Secret Fixed Sulphur of the Philosophers
Calcined residue when sulphur is distilled with linseed oil.
Secret Sal Ammoniac (Glauber's Secret Sal Ammoniac)
Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4)).
Sedative Salt
Usually boric acid, but sometimes sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7).
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Sedative Spar
Calcium borate (CaB4O7).
Sedlitz Salt (Epsom Salt)
Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4).
Seignette's Salt
Sodium potassium tartrate (Rochelle's salt) (NaKC4H4O6).
Selenite
The various minerals forms of Calcium sulphate (CaSO4).
Selenitic Spar
Any mineral assigned to the family of "spars" that could be calcined like gypsum (CaSO4 . 2H2O).
Semi-Metals
Substances which have the properties characteristic of metals except for ductility and which
sublime. Different chemists had different lists, but most included antimony (Sb), arsenic (As);
bismuth (Bi), cobalt (Co), and Zinc (Zn). Some included mercury (Hg) and, later in the century,
nickel (Ni).
Sena (Senna)
Several similar plants of the genus Cassia from the leaves of which gummy and resinous extracts
were obtained.
Senegal
A gum extract from the root of the North American species Polygala senega.
Senna
See Sena.
Separationg-Glass
A vessel narrow at the top, then bellying out in the center, and narrowing again to a hollow tube or
stem. Shaped somewhat like the modern spearatory funnel anbd often used for similiar purposes.
Serpentine
A steatite, usually green.
Shoot
When crystals appeared, especially suddenly in a saturated solution, they were said to "shoot".
Siderum
Iron phosphide (Fe3P).
Silex
Silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Silicious Earth (Silcia)
Silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Similor
A copper zinc alloy with a color approximating that of real gold.
Slaked Lime
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Smalt
A blue, glassy substance used as a pigment. The blue comes from cobaltous oxide (CuO). Smalt
also contains silica (SiO2).
Smelting
The process opf extracting a metal from its ore.
Smo(a)king Spirit of Libavius
Primarily stannous chloride (SnCl2) but with chlorides of mercury mixe d in.
Smo(a)king Spirit of Nitre
Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3).
Snow of Antimony
See Flowers of Antimony.
Soap
In general, any chemical combination of acids, bases, or salts with oils that exhibit detergent
action. Common soap was the product of sodium hydroxide with an oil or fat.
Soap of Glass
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) in its role of agent to remove color bodies from glass while the glass
is molten.
Soap-Rock
See Steatites.
Soapstone
See Steatite
Soda
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
Soda Baryllia (Spanish)
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
Soda Hispanica (Washing Soda)
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
Solder
Any fusible metal alloy used for joining two pieces of metal. Most types were alloys of tin and
lead.
Soluble Tartar
Normal potassium tartrate. Probably (K2C4H4O6)
Solution
Any liquid in which one component called the "solute" is dispersed in a second component called
the "solvent."
Solvend ( Cullen)
Solute
Soot
Carbon and hydrocarbon deposits from incomplete combustion of fuels.
Sorrel
Various plants of the genus Rumex from which an acid salt (acid potassium acetate) was extracted.
Spanish Earth
Vitriols (mixture) (CuSO4; FeSO4).
Spanish Green
Basic copper carbonate (2CuCO3 . Cu(OH) 2).
Spanish White
Bismuth oxychloride (or oxynitrate) (BiOCl; BiONO3
Spar
A class of compounds characterized by a crystalline form that features shiny reflective plate
surfaces.
Spath (Spat) Stone
A naturally occurring mineral solid containing mostly calcium sulfate (CaSO4).
Spathic Iron Ore
Ferrous carbonate (FeCO3)
Specificum Purgans Paracelsi
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4)
Spermaceti
The white fatty substance obtained from the head of the sperm whale. Used in pharmaceuticals
and candles.
Sphacelated
Gangerenous
Spikenard
The aromatic extract from the Indian plant Nardostachys jalamansi. The term was also used for the
plant itself.
Spirit
(1) Any liquor obtained from another substance by distillation; (2) later, any subtle substance
dissolved in another substance. The concept gradually veered ttoward what we now call the
gaseous state.
Sp. Ammon. Cum Calce Viva
Ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3).
Spirit Ammon. Sal. Vol.
Mostly ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3).
Spirit of Alum
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