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used for certain types of specific purpose containers - namely platform containers and platform-based
containers with incomplete structures
Flatbed: A flatbed is a type of truck trailer that consists of a floor and no enclosure. A flatbed may be
used with  sideboards or  tie downs which keep loose cargo from falling off.
Flatcar: A rail car without sides; used for hauling machinery.
Flat File: A computer term which refers to any file having fixed-record length, or in EDI, the file
produced by EDI translation software to serve as input to the interface. Usually includes the same
fields as the original file, but each field is expanded to its maximum length. Does not have delimiters.
Flexibility: Ability to respond quickly and efficiently to changing customer and consumer demands.
Flexible-Path Equipment: Materials handling devices that include hand trucks and forklifts.
Flexible Specialization: a strategy based on multi-use equipment, skilled workers and innovative
senior management to accommodate the continuous change that occurs in the marketplace.
Float: The time required for documents, payments, etc. to get from one trading partner to another.
Floor-Ready Merchandise (FRM): Goods shipped by suppliers to retailers with all necessary tags,
prices, security devices, etc. already attached, so goods can be cross docked rapidly through retail
DCs, or received directly at stores.
Definitions compiled by:
Kate Vitasek
Supply Chain Visions
www.scvisions.com
Bellevue, Washington
Please note: The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) does not take responsibility for the content of these definitions,
nor does CSCMP endorse these as official definitions except as noted.
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SUPPLY CHAIN and LOGISTICS
TERMS and GLOSSARY
Updated October 2006
Flow Rack: Storage rack that utilizes shelves (metal) that are equipped with rollers or wheels. Such
an arrangement allows product and materials to "flow" from the back of the rack to the front and
therein making the product more accessible for small-quantity order-picking.
Flow-Through Distribution: A process in a distribution center in which products from multiple
locations are brought in to the D.C. and are re-sorted by delivery destination and shipped in the same
day. Also known as a "cross-dock" process in the transportation business. See Cross Docking.
FMCG: See Fast Moving Consumer Goods
FMEA: See Failure Modes Effects Analysis
FOB: See Free on Board
FOB Destination: Title passes at destination, and seller has total responsibility until shipment is
delivered.
FOB Origin: Title passes at origin, and buyer has total responsibility over the goods while in
shipment.
For-Hire Carrier: A carrier that provides transportation service to the public on a fee basis.
Forecast: An estimate of future demand. A forecast can be constructed using quantitative methods,
qualitative methods, or a combination of methods, and it can be based on extrinsic (external) or
intrinsic (internal) factors. Various forecasting techniques attempt to predict one or more of the four
components of demand: cyclical, random, seasonal, and trend. Also see: Box-Jenkins Model,
Exponential Smoothing Forecast, Extrinsic Forecasting Method, Intrinsic Forecasting Method,
Qualitative Forecasting Method, Quantitative Forecasting Method
Forecast Accuracy: Measures how accurate your forecast is as a percent of actual units or dollars
shipped, calculated as 1 minus the absolute value of the difference between forecasted demand and
actual demand, as a percentage of actual demand.
Calculation:
[1-(|Sum of Variances|/Sum of Actual)]
Forecast Cycle: Cycle time between forecast regenerations that reflect true changes in marketplace
demand for shippable end products.
Forecasting: Predictions of how much of a product will be purchased by customers. Relies upon both
quantitative and qualitative methods. Also see: Forecast
Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ): An area or zone set aside at or near a port or airport, under the control
of the U.S. Customs Service, for holding goods duty-free pending customs clearance.
Forklift truck: A machine-powered device that is used to raise and lower freight and to move freight
to different warehouse locations.
Form utility: The value created in a good by changing its form, through the production process.
Definitions compiled by:
Kate Vitasek
Supply Chain Visions
www.scvisions.com
Bellevue, Washington
Please note: The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) does not take responsibility for the content of these definitions,
nor does CSCMP endorse these as official definitions except as noted.
Page 65 of 167
SUPPLY CHAIN and LOGISTICS
TERMS and GLOSSARY
Updated October 2006
Four P s: A set of marketing tools to direct the business offering to the customer. The four P s are
product, price, place, and promotion.
Fourier Series: In forecasting, a form of analysis useful for forecasting. The model is based on fitting
sine waves with increasing frequencies and phase angles to a time series.
Four Wall Inventory: The stock which is contained within a single facility or building.
Fourth-Party Logistics (4PL): Differs from third party logistics in the following ways; 1)4PL
organization is often a separate entity established as a joint venture or long-term contract between a
primary client and one or more partners; 2) 4PL organization acts as a single interface between the
client and multiple logistics service providers; 3) All aspects (ideally) of the client s supply chain are
managed by the 4PL organization; and, 4) It is possible for a major third-party logistics provider to
form a 4PL organization within its existing structure. The term was registered by Accenture as a
trademark in 1996 and defined as "A supply chain integrator that assembles and manages the
resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization with those of complementary service
providers to deliver a comprehensive supply chain solution.", but is no longer registered Also see:
Lead Logistics Provider
Forty-foot Equivalent Unit (FEU): A standard size intermodal container.
Foxhole: See Silo
Free Alongside Ship (FAS): A term of sale indicating the seller is liable for all changes and risks
until the goods sold are delivered to the port on a dock that will be used by the vessel. Title passes to
the buyer when the seller has secured a clean dock or ship s receipt of goods. The seller agrees to [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]