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chained to the object.
Unconscious thought reaches the surface in the form of irruptions, often of an obsessing nature,
the general character of which is always negative and depreciatory. Women of this type have
moments when the most hideous thoughts fasten upon the very objects most valued by their
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PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES
22
feelings. This negative thinking avails itself of every infantile prejudice or parallel that is
calculated to breed doubt in the feeling-value, and it tows every primitive instinct along with it,
in the effort to make 'a nothing but' interpretation of the feeling. At this point, it is perhaps in the
nature of a side-remark to observe that the collective unconscious, i.e. the totality of the
primordial images, also becomes enlisted in the same manner, and from the elaboration and
development of these images there dawns the possibility of a regeneration of the attitude upon
another basis.
Hysteria, with the characteristic infantile sexuality of its unconscious world of ideas, is the
principal form of neurosis with this type.
5. Recapitulation of Extraverted Rational Types
I term the two preceding types rational or judging types because they are characterized by the
supremacy of the reasoning and the judging functions. It is a general distinguishing mark of both
types that their life is, to a [p. 453] large extent, subordinated to reasoning judgment. But we
must not overlook the point, whether by 'reasoning' we are referring to the standpoint of the
individual's subjective psychology, or to the standpoint of the observer, who perceives and
judges from without. For such an observer could easily arrive at an opposite judgment, especially
if he has a merely intuitive apprehension of the behaviour of the observed, and judges
accordingly. In its totality, the life of this type is never dependent upon reasoning judgment
alone; it is influenced in almost equal degree by unconscious irrationality. If observation is
restricted to behaviour, without any concern for the domestic interior of the individual's
consciousness, one may get an even stronger impression of the irrational and accidental character
of certain unconscious manifestations in the individual's behaviour than of the reasonableness of
his conscious purposes and motivations. I, therefore, base my judgment upon what the individual
feels to be his conscious psychology. But I am prepared to grant that we may equally well
entertain a precisely opposite conception of such a psychology, and present it accordingly. I am
also convinced that, had I myself chanced to possess a different individual psychology, I should
have described the rational types in the reversed way, from the standpoint of the unconscious-as
irrational, therefore. This circumstance aggravates the difficulty of a lucid presentation of
psychological matters to a degree not to be underestimated, and immeasurably increases the
possibility of misunderstandings. The discussions which develop from these misunderstandings
are, as a rule, quite hopeless, since the real issue is never joined, each side speaking, as it were,
in a different tongue. Such experience is merely one reason the more for basing my presentation
upon the subjective conscious psychology of the individual, since there, at least, one has a
definite objective footing, which completely [p. 454] drops away the moment we try to ground
psychological principles upon the unconscious. For the observed, in this case, could undertake no
kind of co-operation, because there is nothing of which he is not more informed than his own
unconscious. The judgment would entirely devolve upon the observer -- a certain guarantee that
its basis would be his own individual psychology, which would infallibly be imposed upon the
observed. To my mind, this is the case in the psychologies both of Freud and of Adler. The
individual is completely at the mercy of the arbitrary discretion of his observing critic -- which
can never be the case when the conscious psychology of the observed is accepted as the basis. [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]